http://tl.cosmotopic.orgtlThey need youSat, 26 May 2012 13:45:44 GMT10http://tl.cosmotopic.org/img/header_logo.pnghttp://tl.cosmotopic.orghttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363575-birth-certificate-with-fake-marriage-certificates-of-parentsVanhoutenHi! I am a new member and I found your site via Google. I think the forum is very informative and helpful. I myself would like to ask for some advice. I know a child whose birth certificate indicates that her parents are married as they attached aTue, 8 Feb 2011 16:07:16 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363575-birth-certificate-with-fake-marriage-certificates-of-parents#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440712-amore-a-concert-of-opera-love-and-duetsRAdAMORE: A Concert of Opera, Love and Duets February 27, 2011 6:00 PM Santo Cristo del Tesoro Auditorium, Santa Isabel College Tickets: P200 In celebration of Valentines romance, International soprano Eri Yoshida and Filipino baritone Joseleo LogdatTue, 8 Feb 2011 04:22:36 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440712-amore-a-concert-of-opera-love-and-duets#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363544-hi-to-all-pinoylawyer-memberseric6b122007Hi i just enter this forum and i think this could encourage me to take the bar exam because of many free download or ebooks here and also some help on law topics. In law school i was dreaming of using technology in the study of law and now it materializeMon, 7 Feb 2011 04:17:09 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363544-hi-to-all-pinoylawyer-members#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363463-right-of-waymila_926nakabili yung mother ko ng bahay. kaya lang yung neighbor namin ayaw magpadaan. hinarangan niya yung right of way so theres no way out. can you give me some advise regarding that matter. what to do? step by step please. can i file a case against them?Tue, 1 Feb 2011 11:06:12 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363463-right-of-way#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363456-insolvency-law-2011-barvidylSir, Good day. Am I posting in the proper forum, hope so. I was reviewing again the mercantile law syllabus early this morning...is this law intentionally omitted in the syllabus or just like the last few bar exams like in Taxation...in theTue, 1 Feb 2011 04:58:09 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363456-insolvency-law-2011-bar#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363428-right-to-travelthiniewinkyIs the right to travel of Filipinos absolute? Explain.Sat, 29 Jan 2011 15:11:02 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363428-right-to-travel#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363425-nanakawan-sa-parkingthiniewinkyMahangin parked his car in the pay parking area of Lagablab Hotel to attend the wedding reception of Maganda and Malakas.He left inside the car his loptop, camera, ipod and a cellphone.After 2 hours he returned to the parking lot and noticed that backSat, 29 Jan 2011 15:08:20 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363425-nanakawan-sa-parking#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363399-philippine-prosecutors-manualluladiahi! am a law student from visayas. does anybody here had a copy of Philippine prosecutor's manual? thanksThu, 27 Jan 2011 10:21:17 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363399-philippine-prosecutors-manual#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363334-property-inheritance-from-an-unwed-auntapuapalHello! Please help me understand how a property (house and lot)of an unwed aunt who died recently, will be shared among her legal heirs.I want to help my mom settle things out legally and appropriately for all the legal heirs. This is theSat, 22 Jan 2011 16:58:48 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363334-property-inheritance-from-an-unwed-aunt#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440666-all-chestra-featuring-carlos-alberto-ibayRAdFebruary 5, 2011, 8:00 PM Insular Life Corporate Center Auditorium Insular Life Tower Filinvest, Alabang Carlos Ibay performs Mozart's Piano Concerto # 23 with the Manila Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Maestro Arturo Molina on February 5 8 PMTue, 18 Jan 2011 20:37:16 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440666-all-chestra-featuring-carlos-alberto-ibay#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363295-notice-of-eviction-and-lease-of-contractjay buenviajeGood pm atty, just a question, is it a valid letter of eviction coming from a atty. in fact? what is a valid eviction? She claims that she has a power of atty from the owner and sent us the letter a month ago. now shes sending us a letter of a lease ofTue, 18 Jan 2011 08:48:22 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363295-notice-of-eviction-and-lease-of-contract#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440635-ppo-vi-saraza-jr-plays-tchaikovskyRAdPPO VI Saraza Jr. plays Tchaikovsky February 11, 2011, 8:00 PM Tanghalang Nicanor Abeladro/CCP Main Theater Diomedes Saraza Jr., violin Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra Olivier Ochanine, conductor Beethoven, Ludwig Van - Symphony No. 5 in CSun, 16 Jan 2011 17:20:14 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440635-ppo-vi-saraza-jr-plays-tchaikovsky#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363203-land-ownership-by-minortylerseanDear Sir / Madam I'm a British National married to a Filipina, who wishes to purchase a hectre of rural/residential for my 6yr old son who has dual citizenship. I would be grateful if you could advise how this could be done other than purchasing inMon, 10 Jan 2011 06:49:47 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363203-land-ownership-by-minor#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363123-sworn-statementvincegudpm. tanong ko lang po. pwde po ba ang sworn statement kapalit ng death certificate sa BIR? kasi tatay ko namatay sa US at gusto sana ng nanay ko e transfer sa pangalan ko ang lupa namin.Mon, 3 Jan 2011 13:06:21 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363123-sworn-statement#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363060-estafa-casehanisaAs i have read all your replies from the previous post i know i have found the right site to inquire. Will it be enough to make it to the nbi's hit if i have credit card problems before? It was in 2001 but i had it fully paid to close the account thenFri, 24 Dec 2010 03:32:59 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179363060-estafa-case#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440508-filharmonika-game-onRAdDecember 17, 2010, 8:00 pm World Trade Center You shoot, we score! FILharmoniKA plays music from the best video games ever! For Ticket Inquiries: Cecille Pascual 09176454085/09178082641 8074433 *details coming soonSun, 24 Oct 2010 05:25:05 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440508-filharmonika-game-on#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362553-unpaid-hospital-bill-w-o-promisory-noteeloracan anyone helpme Sad i was rushed to the hospital last august bcoz of an accidental fall..pro sa er lng. i wasnt able to pay the hospital bill worth 12k. i dont have any money coz im just a student and my parents also dont have money. nung na dischargFri, 15 Oct 2010 09:10:51 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362553-unpaid-hospital-bill-w-o-promisory-note#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362382-2010-bar-exam-blasttrinavideo courtesy of gunner and uploaded by rayelido Cops suspect law frats behind Bar exam blast The police have tightened security in Manila and are investigating the possible involvement of two law fraternities in the blast that injured atMon, 27 Sep 2010 17:12:58 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362382-2010-bar-exam-blast#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362353-local-lending-high-interest-and-additional-charges-and-interestscallcenterguyHi! Great Lawyers, Please po I really need your advice on this matter...Hopefully I'll get an urgent answer, pls po... I borrowed P10,000 from a Loaner(locally known as 5'6)...I sign in a piece of paper indicating the amount P10,000 with a 5%Fri, 24 Sep 2010 01:31:37 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362353-local-lending-high-interest-and-additional-charges-and-interests#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440436-tutti-tangoRAdConcert 4 “Tutti Tango” NOSTALGIA: GRAND TANGO October 23, 2010 Saturday, 8pm Insular Life Auditorium, Insular Life Corporate Center, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City Tutti Tango Featuring the music of Astor Piazzola,Mon, 13 Sep 2010 06:04:09 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440436-tutti-tango#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440433-ust-symphony-orchestra-at-the-ccp-orchestra-festivalRAdUST Symphony Orchestra Najib Ismail, piano Herminigildo Ranera, conductor Thursday 23 September 2010 8 PM CCP Main Theater Richard Wagner, Rienzi Overture Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 6 in B flat Major K 238 Jean Sibelius,Sat, 11 Sep 2010 17:04:34 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440433-ust-symphony-orchestra-at-the-ccp-orchestra-festival#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440420-mso-scandinaviaRAdMSO concert: Concert no. 5 "Scandinavia!" Nov. 20, philam Life audi. featuring flutist, David Johnson & conductor Arturo Molina Peer Gynt Suite by Eduard Grieg Flute Concerto by Carl Nielsen Symphony No.2 in D- Major jeanWed, 8 Sep 2010 09:08:41 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440420-mso-scandinavia#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440418-ccp-orchestra-festival-up-orchestra-anchorRAdUP Orchestra & Angono Chamber Orchestra at the 1st National Orch Festival CCP, Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo (Main Theater) Catch the UP Orchestra together with the Angono Chamber Orchestra on Friday, 24th of September at the CCP TanghalangWed, 8 Sep 2010 09:06:40 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440418-ccp-orchestra-festival-up-orchestra-anchor#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362177-still-no-back-pay-clearance-6mos-naasiaHello, Bago lang po ako dito,Hingan ko lang po advice, kasi po 6mos na ako resign still wala pa din ang BACK PAY at clearance ko/namen. Working in an Web Development/IT/Call Center Company. Worked as a Graphic Artist for 1 year and 2mos. Nag resign andMon, 6 Sep 2010 14:24:40 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362177-still-no-back-pay-clearance-6mos-na#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362059-advice-on-how-to-file-a-casemiss Agandang hapon po. may gusto lang po ako linawin. kasal po kami ng asawa ko pero nasa ibang bansa siya.4 years na siya hindi umuuwi.sa kasalukuyan may kinakasama siya sa ibang bansa.gusto ko po sana magsampa ng demanda laban sa kanila.ano po ba ang dapatWed, 25 Aug 2010 12:28:03 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362059-advice-on-how-to-file-a-case#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440394-sacred-arias-concertRAdSacred Arias Concert featuring Joseleo Logdat and Sis Emilita Pacubas dc September 4, 2010 7:30 PM Santa Isabel College Chapel Manila 210 Taft Avenue Manila, Philippines Presented by Santa Isabel College Music Department in cooperation withTue, 24 Aug 2010 07:16:42 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440394-sacred-arias-concert#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440384-offenbach-can-can-violin-ensembleJollibeeCAN CAN HAHAHAHA!!!!!Fri, 20 Aug 2010 06:57:57 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440384-offenbach-can-can-violin-ensemble#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362004-labor-codetekya1026how many sick leave and vacation leave in a year should an employee have as stated in the labor code of the Philippines. are employees entitled for a wage increase? what are the conditions according to the labor code..Thu, 19 Aug 2010 17:21:01 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179362004-labor-code#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440358-ccp-orchestra-festival-opening-concertRAdBe there to witness the opening of the CCP's first National Orchestra Festival. The opening night will feature the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra on the first half and a conglomerate of several orchestras on the second part. Details below! 1stThu, 5 Aug 2010 15:53:18 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440358-ccp-orchestra-festival-opening-concert#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440352-trio-con-brioRAdTrio con Brio Joseph Esmilla, violin Rudolf Pelaez Golez, piano Victor Coo, cello September 5, 2010 7:30 PM Philam Life Theater Ticket prices: P1000, P800, P500 Senior citizen: 20% discount Student: 50% discountSun, 1 Aug 2010 13:16:35 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440352-trio-con-brio#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440237-historical-labels-of-luthiersbaroqueviolinClick to See LabelsFri, 18 Jun 2010 11:38:07 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440237-historical-labels-of-luthiers#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179361496-bar-exams-q-a-silliman-law-2005draglinehttp://www.ziddu.com/download/10310268/TAXQA1994TO2006.pdf.html http://www.ziddu.com/download/10310270/COMMERCIALLAWQA1990TO2006.pdf.html http://www.ziddu.com/download/10310271/POLITICALLAWQA1987TO2006.pdf.html http://www.ziddu.com/download/10310Wed, 16 Jun 2010 08:02:42 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179361496-bar-exams-q-a-silliman-law-2005#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440218-from-horse-to-bowjagg18From Horse To Bow by Mary VanClay Though questions about the origins of “cat-gut” rarely come up in these days of synthetic strings, it is not uncommon for a customer to wonder about the history of the “horsehair” used for bows: Is it really hair?Thu, 10 Jun 2010 17:20:40 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440218-from-horse-to-bow#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440169-david-garrett-guiness-world-record-s-fastest-violinistkanjiruminamotoDavid Garrett is the worlds Fastest Violinist According to GWR Playing the "Flight of the Bumblebee" at a Record of 1 minute and 6.56 seconds kakaloko sya tapos nasira p nya ung 300 year old stradivarius Violin nya buti nlng naayosWed, 26 May 2010 06:46:32 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/8879440169-david-garrett-guiness-world-record-s-fastest-violinist#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179361303-oral-defamation-case-to-push-throughinnaHi, it’s inna again. Follow lang on my case na oral defamation. Tapus na kami sa mediation part. Hindi ako pumayag sa gusto ng nagdemanda sa akin na mag bayad na lang ako sa kanya ng Php 3000.00. Ang sinabi ko sa mediator is ipatuloy na lang niya ung kasoThu, 8 Apr 2010 10:29:32 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179361303-oral-defamation-case-to-push-through#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179361267-nangungupahanbpljr2good day po, may friend po ako na pinapaupahan nila ang isang house nila, ginagamit po ng tenant ito as tindahan now my friend is planning to use the house na, so plano nya ipaalam sa tenant na gagamitin na nya ang house, wala naman pong contrata, angFri, 26 Mar 2010 00:45:18 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179361267-nangungupahan#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179361150-help-just-bought-a-lemon-brand-new-vios-1-3-e-m-t-unitbulinglinghi im new here. i hope you can shed light to our problem. it all started when my husband bought a brand new toyota vios 1.3 e m/t from toyota quezon ave last december 14 2009. when he asked his sales agent if he could have his unit test drive since heWed, 6 Jan 2010 21:13:30 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179361150-help-just-bought-a-lemon-brand-new-vios-1-3-e-m-t-unit#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179361082-constructive-dismissalceline05Is there a limit (in the number of days) an employer can impose suspension as disciplinary action in a violation comitted by an employee? If there is, what is the maximum length of suspension and its legal basis? Say, an employer imposed a 3- monthWed, 21 Oct 2009 06:51:42 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/39179361082-constructive-dismissal#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936991-in-re-quisumbingaisanyone knows where to fin this? BM no 419 in re quisumbingTue, 14 Jul 2009 20:08:02 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936991-in-re-quisumbing#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936985-non-payment-of-rentneohio311Can I contact sheriff dept to evict a tenant with an expired lease? After 3 day notice given? Do I have to file eviction with civil court?Mon, 6 Jul 2009 22:47:50 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936985-non-payment-of-rent#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936962-pacto-de-retromaggiegayI would like to seek for a legal advice about a parcel of land of my father in Bicol. My grandparents died without having a will and testament about this parcel of land before 1995. The older brother of my father entered into an agreement of pacto de retrFri, 12 Jun 2009 01:33:25 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936962-pacto-de-retro#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936956-paupahan-procedurebpljr2may kamag anak po ako, cousin, na may pinapaupahang office space ibinaybayad naman po nya ito ng tax ang ipinatatanong lang po nya ay ano daw po ba ang tamang gawin sa tuwing tatangapin nya ang bayad alangan naman daw magpagawa pa sya ng sales invoice Wed, 3 Jun 2009 01:41:47 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936956-paupahan-procedure#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936926-affidavit-validitysweet_candyHi I had an affidavit made 6yrs ago for my marriage. Can I use that affidavit today?Wed, 15 Apr 2009 21:57:07 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936926-affidavit-validity#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936919-neighbors-encrouching-rootsjenniferh07I want to find out what i can do about my neighbors sweet gum tree. the roots of the tree have torn up my drive way and is breaking the foundation of my garage. I live in va. but i was told va s. court adopted the hawian law ??? I need to find a civil orMon, 6 Apr 2009 13:10:26 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936919-neighbors-encrouching-roots#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936912-ibp-resolution-no-xviii-2008-188Kitty_QT88Are you aware of this IBP resolution which is MANDATORY! The aforesaid resolution was approved at the regular Board of Governors meeting last May 22, 2008, in Naga City. RESOLUTION NO. XVIII-2008-188 "RESOLVED, that effective theThu, 2 Apr 2009 06:29:14 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936912-ibp-resolution-no-xviii-2008-188#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936909-taking-advantage-of-a-mentally-ill-personwiskerI have recently been diagnosed with stress related anxiety disorder, Depression and dissosciative disorder, I would like to prosecute a guy that i believe has taken advantage of me, i dont remember the entire event but i do know that he picked me up andSat, 28 Mar 2009 13:08:24 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936909-taking-advantage-of-a-mentally-ill-person#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936903-what-is-abandonment-in-the-philippinesdatusI would like to know what is "abandonment" all about, here in the philippines? Im from davao, working in cebu.... i am newly married, with one daugther, a baby girl 1yr 8mos. old. i work in a BPO company, working for 1yr 8mos... my wife iWed, 25 Mar 2009 07:46:42 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936903-what-is-abandonment-in-the-philippines#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936882-pet-vet-helpjoninvegasDo I have a legal right to obtain my dogs information in the file kept on my dog's visits from my vets office? I do live in las vags nevada.Fri, 27 Feb 2009 00:46:47 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936882-pet-vet-help#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936858-criminal-situation-helptamaraMy friend was arrested and is being held in a county detention center on invalid charges that he was smuggling guns and drugs across to Mexico. Their only "proof" was that 2 other people conspired against him and testified against him. He, at thThu, 5 Feb 2009 19:15:17 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936858-criminal-situation-help#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936851-accused-of-sub-lettingopalHello, I need some advice here because my landlord, Housing Association sent a letter to me ( my name spelled very bad) saying " The Association has reason to believe that you are sub letting our Property which is a breach of your tenancy". IMon, 26 Jan 2009 23:39:28 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936851-accused-of-sub-letting#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936800-paragraph-2-art-1460b_9904Melliza v. City of Iloilo (G.R. No. L-24732 April 30, 1968, 23 SCRA 477) "The requirement of the law that a sale must have for its object a determinate thing, is fulfilled as long as, at the time the contract is entered into, the object of the salMon, 8 Dec 2008 02:03:10 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936800-paragraph-2-art-1460#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936730-doctrine-of-corporate-opportunitycorpoDoctrine of Corporate Opportunity - a director is made to account to his corporation, gains and profits from transactions entered into by him/another competing corporation in which he has substantial interest, which should have been a transactionSun, 5 Oct 2008 08:09:05 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936730-doctrine-of-corporate-opportunity#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936728-trust-fund-doctrinecorpoTrust Fund Doctrine - the subscribed capital stock of the corporation is a trust fund for the payment of debts of the corporation which the creditors have the right to look up to satisfy their credits. Corporations may not dissipate this and the creditorSun, 5 Oct 2008 08:07:09 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936728-trust-fund-doctrine#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936725-methods-of-collection-of-unpaid-subscriptioncorpoMethods of Collection of Unpaid Subscription a. call, delinquency and sale at public auction of delinquent shares b. ordinary civil action c. collection from cash dividends and other amounts due to stockholders if allowed by by-laws/agreed to by himSun, 5 Oct 2008 07:50:18 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936725-methods-of-collection-of-unpaid-subscription#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936720-voting-trust-agreementcorpoVoting Trust Agreement - an agreement between a group of stockholders and trustee for a term not exceeding 5 years in which control over the stocks is lodged in the trustee. The purpose is for controlling the voting. a. in writing, notarized and filedSun, 5 Oct 2008 07:38:27 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936720-voting-trust-agreement#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936718-business-judgment-rulecorpoBusiness Judgment Rule - decisions made by a corporations management body shall not be interfered with even by the courts unless such acts are oppressive/unconscionable as to violate the rights of the minoritySun, 5 Oct 2008 07:37:10 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936718-business-judgment-rule#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936715-foreign-corporationscorpoForeign Corporations a. Doing Business - continuity of commercial dealings incident to prosecution of purpose and object of the organization. Isolated, occasional or casual transactions do not amount to engaging in business. But where the isolated actSun, 5 Oct 2008 07:34:17 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936715-foreign-corporations#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936714-corporation-solecorpoCorporation Sole - special form of corporation; associated with the clergy and consists of 1 person only and his successors; incorporated by law giving them legal capacity and advantageSun, 5 Oct 2008 07:21:27 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936714-corporation-sole#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936713-close-corporationscorpoClose Corporations - one whose articles provide that its shares shall not be held by more than 20 persons; its issued stock shall be subject to one or more restrictions on transfer and shall not be listed in any stock exchange/make public offeringSun, 5 Oct 2008 07:20:49 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936713-close-corporations#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936688-cadastral-registration-proceedingscivilCADASTRAL REGISTRATION PROCEEDINGS PURPOSE: Another means to bring lands under operation of Torrens System Ordinary registration is slow for lack of initiative on part of landowners, innovation was conceived to hasten and accelerateWed, 1 Oct 2008 15:06:21 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936688-cadastral-registration-proceedings#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936687-system-of-registration-for-unregistered-landscivilSYSTEM OF REGISTRATION FOR UNREGISTERED LANDS System of registration for unregistered land under the Torrens System (ACT 3344) Before: covers voluntary dealings, now includes involuntary dealings Effect if prospective; binds 3rd persons afterWed, 1 Oct 2008 15:04:52 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936687-system-of-registration-for-unregistered-lands#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936681-rebus-sic-stantibuscivilREBUS SIC STANTIBUS - agreement is valid only if the same conditions prevailing at time of contracting continue to exist at the time of performance EFFECT OF DIFFICULTY BEYOND PARTIES CONTEMPLATION Rule: Obligor may be released in whole or inWed, 1 Oct 2008 14:57:08 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936681-rebus-sic-stantibus#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936680-condonation-remission-of-the-debtcivilCONDONATION/REMISSION OF THE DEBT gratuitous abandonment of debt; right to claim; donation; rules of donation applies; express or implied REQUISITES: a. There must be an agreement b. There must be a subject matter (object of the remission,Wed, 1 Oct 2008 14:56:07 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936680-condonation-remission-of-the-debt#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936659-power-of-attorneycivilPower of Attorney: *** instrument in writing by which one person, as principal, appoints another as his agent and confers upon him the authority to perform certain specified acts or kinds of acts on behalf of the principal; primary purpose is toWed, 1 Oct 2008 14:03:28 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936659-power-of-attorney#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936646-obligations-of-the-lesseecivilOBLIGATIONS OF THE LESSEE (Art. 1657) 1. pay the price of the lease according to the terms stipulated; 2. use the thing leased as a diligent father of a family devoting it to the use stipulated, and in the absence of stipulation, to that which may beWed, 1 Oct 2008 13:18:04 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936646-obligations-of-the-lessee#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936641-requisites-for-holographic-willcivilREQUISITES FOR HOLOGRAPHIC WILL: 1. In writing 2. In a language or dialect known to the testator 3. Entirely written, dated, and signed by the hand of the testator himselfWed, 1 Oct 2008 13:03:26 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936641-requisites-for-holographic-will#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936639-grounds-for-disallowance-of-a-willcivilGROUNDS FOR DISALLOWANCE OF A WILL: 1. If the formalities required by law have not been complied with 2. If the testator was insane, or otherwise mentally incapable of making a will, at the time of its execution 3. If it was executed through forcWed, 1 Oct 2008 13:00:21 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936639-grounds-for-disallowance-of-a-will#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936634-classes-of-compulsory-heirscivilCLASSES OF COMPULSORY HEIRS 1. Primary those who have precedence over and exclude other compulsory heirs a. Legitimate children and descendants (legitimate), with respect to their legitimate parents and ascendants 2. Secondary those who succeeWed, 1 Oct 2008 12:53:02 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936634-classes-of-compulsory-heirs#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936632-ownershipcivilOWNERSHIP Definitions of Ownership  Independent and general right of a person to control a thing particularly in his possession, enjoyment, disposition, and recovery, subject to no restrictions except those imposed by the state or privatWed, 1 Oct 2008 11:23:36 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936632-ownership#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936612-defensescivilDEFENSES: 1. CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE - the theory here is that the plaintiff was also negligent together with the defendant; to constitute a defense, proximate cause of injury/damage must be the negligence of defendant 2. CONCURRENT NEGLIGENCE - theTue, 30 Sep 2008 18:13:37 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936612-defenses#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936520-allowable-deductions-from-gross-income-based-on-classes-of-taxpayerbarrister1. Individuals with gross income from employeeemployer relationship only (gross income only): o Premium payments on health and/or hospital insurance (if requisites are complied with) o Personal exemptions and additional exemptions 2. Individuals withTue, 23 Sep 2008 11:17:00 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936520-allowable-deductions-from-gross-income-based-on-classes-of-taxpayer#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936514-documents-that-should-be-filed-to-secure-a-certificate-of-registration-of-a-stock-corporationbarrister1. Articles of Incorporation; 2. Treasurers Affidavit certifying that 25% of the total authorized capital stocks has been subscribed and at least 25% of such have been fully paid in cash or property; 3. Bank certificate covering the paid-up capital; 4.Tue, 23 Sep 2008 10:45:22 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936514-documents-that-should-be-filed-to-secure-a-certificate-of-registration-of-a-stock-corporation#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936512-types-of-sharesbarrister1. Common Shares A basic class of stock ordinarily and usually issued without extraordinary rights or privileges and entitles the shareholder to a pro rata division of profits. 2. Founders Shares Given rights and privileges not enjoyed by owners ofTue, 23 Sep 2008 10:40:12 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936512-types-of-shares#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936508-negotiable-instrumentbarristerWritten contracts for the payment of money; by its form, intended as a substitute for money and intended to pass from hand to hand, to give the holder in due course the right to hold the same and collect the sum due. CHARACTERISTICS OF NEGOTIABLETue, 23 Sep 2008 10:25:32 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936508-negotiable-instrument#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936496-limitations-of-patent-rightsbarristerThe owner of a patent has no right to prevent third parties from performing, without his authorization, the acts conferred in Section 71 hereof in the following circumstances. (1) Using a patented product put on market in the Philippines by the ownerTue, 23 Sep 2008 09:50:02 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936496-limitations-of-patent-rights#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936485-acts-of-insolvencybarristerIn voluntary insolvency filing of a petition In involuntary insolvency - the following are considered act of insolvency and the petition for involuntary insolvency must set forth one or more of the following: 1. Intention to depart from theTue, 23 Sep 2008 08:46:29 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936485-acts-of-insolvency#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936480-insolvency-lawbarristerInsolvency generally denotes the state of a person whose liabilities are more than his assets. There are two principal laws available to a corporation seeking debt relief. These are, (1) the Insolvency Law and (2) Presidential Decree No. 902-A. THREETue, 23 Sep 2008 08:34:45 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936480-insolvency-law#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936474-duties-of-a-bonded-warehousemanbarrister1. To insure the commodity received for storage against fire (Sec. 6); 2. To receive for storage any commodity of the kind customarily stored by him in the warehouse, so far as his license and the capacity of his warehouse will permit, without making anyTue, 23 Sep 2008 07:35:25 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936474-duties-of-a-bonded-warehouseman#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936471-on-what-grounds-may-the-monetary-board-close-a-bank-or-quasi-bank-that-is-prohibit-it-from-doing-business-in-the-philippinesbarristerOn what GROUNDS may the Monetary Board close a bank or quasi-bank, that is, prohibit it from doing business in the Philippines? 1. If the bank or quasi-bank is unable to pay its liabilities as they become due in the ordinary course of business (Sec. 30Tue, 23 Sep 2008 07:26:08 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936471-on-what-grounds-may-the-monetary-board-close-a-bank-or-quasi-bank-that-is-prohibit-it-from-doing-business-in-the-philippines#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936468-kabit-systembarristerThe kabit system has been defined as an arrangement whereby a person who has been granted a certificate of public convenience allows another person who owns motor vehicles to operate under such franchise for a fee. (Lisa Enterprise Inc. v. IAC) Is theTue, 23 Sep 2008 07:19:07 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936468-kabit-system#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936464-prior-operator-rule-or-protection-of-investment-rule-not-applicablebarristerIt is not applicable in the following: Where public interest would be better served by the new operator; 1. Where the old operator failed to make an offer to meet the increase in traffic; 2. Where the CPC granted to the new operator is a maidenTue, 23 Sep 2008 07:15:14 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936464-prior-operator-rule-or-protection-of-investment-rule-not-applicable#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936461-prior-operator-rulebarrister- before permitting a new operator to invade the territory of another already established, the prior operator must be given an opportunity to extend its service to meet the public needs in the matter of transportationTue, 23 Sep 2008 07:09:53 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936461-prior-operator-rule#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936459-public-service-actbarristerEvery person that may own, operate, manage, control in the Philippines, for hire/compensation with general/limited clientele whether permanent, occasional, accidental, and done for a general business purpose any common carrier, shipyard, electric light,Tue, 23 Sep 2008 07:07:59 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936459-public-service-act#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936454-liabilities-under-the-conventionbarristerThe liabilities are: 1. Damage sustained in the event of the death or wounding of a passenger taking place on board the aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking or disembarking 2. Loss or damage to any check baggage or goodsTue, 23 Sep 2008 06:45:30 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936454-liabilities-under-the-convention#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936453-international-transportation-by-air-under-the-warsaw-conventionbarristerUnder the Warsaw Convention, there are two categories of international transportation by air: 1. That where the place of departure and the place of destination are situated within the territories of two High Contracting Parties regardless of whether orTue, 23 Sep 2008 06:44:24 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936453-international-transportation-by-air-under-the-warsaw-convention#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936452-when-the-warsaw-convention-applicablebarristerThe Convention is applicable to: 1. International transport by air 2. Transport of persons, baggage, or goodsTue, 23 Sep 2008 06:43:20 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936452-when-the-warsaw-convention-applicable#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936451-no-liability-under-cogsabarrister1. if nature or value of goods knowingly and fraudulently misstated by shipper. 2. if damage resulted from dangerous nature of shipment loaded without consent of carrier. 3. if unseaworthiness not due to negligence of carrier. 4. if deviation was toTue, 23 Sep 2008 06:42:11 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936451-no-liability-under-cogsa#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936448-prescriptive-periodsbarristerPRESCRIPTIVE PERIODS: 1. if loss or damage is apparent or external, notice in writing must be given to carrier or agent at time of removal of goods by persons entitled to delivery. 2. if loss or damage is not apparent, within 3 days of delivery. a. ifTue, 23 Sep 2008 06:40:14 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936448-prescriptive-periods#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936445-requisites-of-contracts-covered-by-cogsabarrister1. Contracts for the carriage of goods 2. By sea 3. To and from Philippine ports 4. In foreign tradeTue, 23 Sep 2008 06:37:01 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936445-requisites-of-contracts-covered-by-cogsa#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936444-contract-of-towagebarristerCONTRACT OF TOWAGE - contract whereby a vessel usually motorized pulls another from one place to another for compensation. It is a contract of services. Only the owner of the towing vessel can ask for compensation for the towage. Not the captain, even ifTue, 23 Sep 2008 06:19:07 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936444-contract-of-towage#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936436-maritime-protestbarristerMARITIME PROTEST a written statement under oath, made by the master of a vessel, after the occurrence of an accident or disaster in which the vessel or cargo is lost or injured, with respect to the circumstances attending such occurrence. It is usuallyTue, 23 Sep 2008 06:07:12 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936436-maritime-protest#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936433-arrival-under-stressbarristerARRIVAL UNDER STRESS an arrival of the vessel at a port not of destination on account of (a) lack of provisions; (b) well-founded fear of seizure; (c) by reason of accident of the sea disabling it to navigate Unlawful when: 1. Lack of provisions dueTue, 23 Sep 2008 06:01:07 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936433-arrival-under-stress#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936425-through-bill-of-ladingbarristerthe carrier undertakes to be responsible for the carriage of goods by successive ocean carriers from the point of loading to the final destination; the first carrier is responsible for the whole carriage and claimant may call upon the first carrier forTue, 23 Sep 2008 05:49:29 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936425-through-bill-of-lading#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936423-notes-on-abandonment-in-maritime-transportationbarristerOnly the ship owner and the ship agent can make an abandonment. However, in cases of co-ownership of a vessel, its part owner may exempt himself from liability by the abandonment of the part of the vessel belonging to him. A charterer cannot make anTue, 23 Sep 2008 05:47:59 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936423-notes-on-abandonment-in-maritime-transportation#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936412-requisites-for-a-caso-fortuito-which-would-exempt-the-carrier-from-liabilitybarrister1. The event must be independent of human will 2. The occurrence must render it impossible for the debtor to fulfill the obligation in a normal manner 3. The obligor must be free of participation in, or aggravation of, the injury to the creditor, and 4Tue, 23 Sep 2008 05:29:18 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936412-requisites-for-a-caso-fortuito-which-would-exempt-the-carrier-from-liability#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936410-a-stipulation-in-transportation-of-goods-contract-limiting-liability-is-validbarrister1. limited to value of goods appearing in the bill of lading 2. fixed sum that is reasonable and just and agreed upon 3. delay due to strike or riotTue, 23 Sep 2008 05:27:11 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936410-a-stipulation-in-transportation-of-goods-contract-limiting-liability-is-valid#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936408-requisites-for-a-valid-stipulation-in-transportation-of-goods-contract-between-the-common-carrier-and-the-shipper-or-owner-limiting-the-liability-of-the-former-to-less-than-the-extraordinary-diligencebarrister1. In writing 2. Supported by a valuable consideration other than the service rendered by the common carrier 3. Reasonable, just and not contrary to public policyTue, 23 Sep 2008 05:25:49 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936408-requisites-for-a-valid-stipulation-in-transportation-of-goods-contract-between-the-common-carrier-and-the-shipper-or-owner-limiting-the-liability-of-the-former-to-less-than-the-extraordinary-diligence#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936406-extraordinary-diligence-or-responsibility-of-common-carrier-regarding-transport-of-goodsbarrister(1) To transport with greatest skill and utmost foresight (2) Utmost vigilance of very cautious person, according to all circumstancesTue, 23 Sep 2008 05:24:01 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936406-extraordinary-diligence-or-responsibility-of-common-carrier-regarding-transport-of-goods#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936369-common-carrier-vs-private-carrierbarristerCOMMON CARRIER person, corporation, firm, association engaged in the business of carrying or transporting passengers, goods or both, by land, water, air, for compensation, offering services to the public; must exercise extraordinary diligence . heSun, 21 Sep 2008 04:20:18 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936369-common-carrier-vs-private-carrier#commentshttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936365-grounds-to-allow-examination-of-a-bank-accountbarrister1. Where the depositor consents in writing; 2. Impeachment cases; 3. By court order in bribery or dereliction of duty cases against public officials; 4. Deposit is subject of litigation 5. In cases of unexplained wealth (PNB v. Gancayco) 6. By orderSun, 21 Sep 2008 04:00:38 GMThttp://tl.cosmotopic.org/3917936365-grounds-to-allow-examination-of-a-bank-account#comments